Rashad A.M. Potential use of phosphogypsum in alkali-activated fly ash under the effects of elevated temperatures and thermal shock cycles. J. Clean. Prod. 2015; 87:717–725. [Google Scholar] Reijnders L. Cleaner phosphogypsum, coal combustion ashes and waste incineration ashes for application in building materials: a review. Build. …
Radioactivity in Future Phosphogypsum: New predictions based on estimates of 'Peak P' and rock phosphate resources J Environ Radioact. 2022 Apr:244-245:106828. doi: …
Alawi Zawawi, Vice Chairman of USG Boral Zawawi Gypsum, a leading player in the export of natural gypsum, said that Oman has the potential to export cumulatively total more than 300 million tonnes over the next 15 years (2018-2032), going by current trends. At an average Export FOB price of $18 per tonne, this could generate …
radiation protection and the management of radioactive waste in the oil and gas industry safety reports series no. 34 sti/pub/1171 (130 pp.; 2004) isbn 92–0–114003–7 price: …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of phosphoric acid production, where worldwide PG generation exceeds 300 million tons annually. The vast majority of produced PG is discarded …
This study contributes to sustainable construction practices by exploring the use of phosphogypsum, a commonly discarded byproduct, in the production of recycled aggregates. Addressing both environmental and economic aspects of sustainability, we investigate the feasibility of employing phosphogypsum as a primary raw material, in …
WASHINGTON (October 14, 2020) — Today, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Andrew Wheeler approved a request from The Fertilizer Institute (TFI) to allow phosphogypsum to be used in government road construction projects. "Allowing the reuse of phosphogypsum shows EPA's commitment to working with industry in a way that …
Phosphogypsum (PG), the main industrial by-product of phosphate fertilizer industry, primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate. However, it contains various impurities with variable quantities depending on the origin of the phosphate rock. ... The radioactivity varies by phosphate rock type and is primarily caused by the U-238 and …
Natural radioactivity in phosphates, phosphogypsum and natural waters in Morocco J Environ Radioact. 2001;54(2):231-42. doi: 10.1016/s0265-931x(00)00153-3. Authors M Azouazi 1 ... The process of leaching of the radioisotopes from phosphogypsum was discussed. A method for the direct alpha counting of 226Ra thin source, elaborated by …
The radiological impact of this radioactivity, varies with the mineralogical nature of the phosphates (Table 2) (Scholten & Timmermans, 1996) and requires a special care, especially in Morocco where these are important mines of phosphates and phosphogypsum.This country is contributing about two-thirds of the phosphates …
phosphogypsum by 80–85 % can be achieved using these treatment processes. The radium equivalent activity (Ra eq), gamma index (I c), alpha index (I a), absorbed …
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EPA defines Phosphogypsum. "...as a radioactive waste product that results from processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid that is later used in fertilizer. …
Recommended conditions include restricting the levels of radioactivity, notifying the public when phosphogypsum is used in a project and requiring "continued control, maintenance and use of the ...
Phosphate deposits are generally characterized by enhanced radionuclide concentrations compared to natural levels. The mining and processing of this phosphate ore redistribute radionuclides throughout the environment and introduce them into phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum. Phosphoric acid is the starting material for triple …
A measurement of the radioactivity content of phosphate ore material, phosphatic fertilizer (superphosphate), and by-product phosphogypsum in the Abu-Zaabal phosphate plant, Egypt, has been carried out. According to the results of gamma-ray spectroscopy analysis, 238U was found in concentrations of …
The concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K maintained in phosphate rock (PR), phosphoric acid (PA) and phosphogypsum (PG) samples and its possible radiation hazards, have been measured. The radionuclides in phosphate rock have been redistributed unsymmetrically between phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum during …
Side view of phosphogypsum stack. Phosphate production generates huge amounts of phosphogypsum wastes, nearly 48 million MTs in 1988 alone. Industry estimates that 5.2 tons of phosphogypsum is produced for every ton of phosphoric acid. Phosphogypsum has little market value and is transferred as a slurry to waste piles …
The concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K maintained in phosphate rock (PR), phosphoric acid (PA) and phosphogypsum (PG) samples and its possible …
The problem of recycling and storage of phosphogypsum is topical for many countries around the world, as it is associated with environmental problems of pollution of water bodies, land, and atmosphere. Therefore, this paper analyzes the directions of phosphogypsum recycling and possible alternatives to its use. The main …
The concentration of metallic trace elements (Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu) in raw phosphogypsum ranged between 0.2 and 243 ppm, while its radioactivity reached 970 Bq/kg for Ra-226.
Phosphogypsum (PG) accumulates during wet-phosphoric acid production for fertilizers. In the Philippines, PG is partly (40%) utilized to produce gypsum walls and cement. This work assesses the radiological risks and resource opportunities associated with PG stacks in the Philippines. The conducted in situ radiometric survey measured …
We evaluated the suitability of phosphogypsum from the Lowveld region of South Africa (LSA), for the manufacturing of building materials, with reference to (1) the National Nuclear Regulator Act 47 of 1999 and (2) the radioactivity associated risks as quantified in terms of the external and internal hazard indices, the activity concentration index and the radium …
EPA defines Phosphogypsum (40CFR61 Subpart R) "…as a radioactive waste product that results from processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid that is later used in fertilizer. Because the phosphate ore contains uranium and radium, phosphogypsum also contains these radionuclides. The radium is of particular concern because it
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a radioactive industrial by-product produced in large quantities when processing phosphate ores into fertilizers. With rapid growth of high concentration phosphate and compound fertilizers production in China, PG production is increasing every year. Phosphogypsum is usually stored in such a way that it not only …
Phosphogypsum is a solid waste byproduct from processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid that is later used in fertilizer. Phosphogypsum contains radium, …
The concentrations of radioisotopes (238U, 234U, 235U, 210Po, 232Th, 40K, and 226Ra) in naturally occurring radionuclide materials were determined through gamma and alpha spectrometry. The average activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were matched with literature data from various countries. The radium equivalent value derived …
The phosphogypsum and rock phosphate samples were analysed for the estimation of radioactivity in them along with the soil samples. The results for activity concentration of 238 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in the samples were compared with other studies carried out worldwide. Table 2 shows the wide variation of activity concentrations …
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 54: 231-242. Google Scholar Beretka, J. (1990) The current state of utilization of phosphogypsum in Australia. In: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Phosphogypsum, Orlando, FL, FIPR Pub. No. 01-060-083, December 1990, vol. II 394-401. Google Scholar
This paper presents results in a room constructed using fired bricks made partly with phosphogypsum. Radon-222 concentration values are monitored and reported for two different seasons using a passive method (LR-115 dosimeters) and an active method (AlphaGuard) in spring season 2008 and using an active method the pulse type …
The utilization of PG in construction and the associated long-term exposure of humans to elevated levels of radioactivity is of great concern (Kovler, 2012). The radioactivity can affect organs, such as the heart, brain, lung, and lead to many diseases, including cancer (Dewar et al., 2013; Hund et al., 2015; Dashner-Titus et al., 2018).