The BF is charged with metallurgical coke and iron burden materials including iron ore pellets, sinter, and lump ore. While descending in the BF the charge materials reduce. The iron-bearing materials should reduce fast and remain in the solid form until as high a temperature as possible to ensure reaction contact with reducing gas and …
The permeability of the sintering process can be significantly improved by the pellet sintering, but the excessive permeability will impact the heat accumulation of the sinter bed. Thus, it is very essential to clarify the influence of the pellet particle size on the heat transfer process of sintering. Therefore, pilot-scale sinter pot tests of pellet …
Sinter plants process a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, slag-forming agents and solid fuel (coke) with the finality of obtaining a product with the suitable ...
Coke breeze is the main heat source in sintering process. Its combustion yields enough amounts of heat which melts the sinter mix. One of the factors that significantly affect the course of coke breeze combustion is its grain size [1,2,3].It is known that fine-grained coke reduces permeability of the sinter mix and the use of coke …
Coke breeze is the main heat source in sintering process. Its combustion yields enough amounts of heat which melts the sinter mix. One of the factors that …
Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents and solid fuel (coke). The purpose of the ...
Raw materials. Commercially supplied iron ore pellets and sinter of size range 10–13 mm are utilised in the present study. Comparable to the utilisation in the industrial blast furnace, two types of …
At the top coke and burden (sinter, pellets, lump ore, and flux) are charged in alternating layers. Charge materials descend under the influence of gravity. In the lower part of the furnace, hot blast from hot stoves is injected through tuyeres. ... Usually, the TGR-BF concept is accompanied with coke consumption of around 190–200 ...
These slimes can be agglomerated into micro-pellets for subsequent use in sinter making through hybrid pellet sintering method. However, the micro-pellets of sufficient size and strength are required for hybrid sinter making. ... coke breeze, and return sinter. For each test, all raw materials including moisture were mixed in drum …
1.2 Fuel 1.2.1 Coke Breeze . Coke is the major reductant and heat source for blast furnace operation, where the lump coke (25–80 mm) is charged into blast furnace directly, and nut coke (15–25 mm) is mixed with the iron burden (sinter, pellet, or lump) and then charged into the furnace.
Iron ore sinter plants are energy-intensive components of integrated iron and steel production (see Table 1), where the iron ore fines (<5 mm) are converted into larger (>5 mm) lump sinter cakes with greater gas permeability, which are the most important burden materials for iron making in blast furnaces (BFs) [7].The main process is shown …
The present investigation deals with the sinterability of Goa (India) iron ore having high Fe (65.2%) content. The sinter basicity (CaO/SiO2) and its MgO were varied in the 2.0 to 2.5 and 1.5 to 3 ...
Air pollutants in the iron and steel industry come from the blast furnace, coke oven, sintering, pellet, iron alloy furnace and other processes (Zou et al., 2020). The raw materials of the blast furnace are mainly sinter, pellet and lump ore. The burden structure is generally sinter in China, accounting for about 70% (Zou et al., 2019).
Fines of anthracite or coke are also added during the pelletizing process for reducing the consumption of fuel required for internally heating the ball . ... These mechanisms are typical of solid …
Enlarging the pellets ratio in BF burdens contributes not only to save energy in furnace burden preparation, but also to reduce emission in iron making by lowering …
from iron pellet and sinter iron, using coke. Coke is the reductant used to produce both sinter and pig iron. Also some small quantities of coal are used in pig iron production. In Fig. 8 the process indicated with dotted lines are not included
Abstract Iron ore, pellets, and sinter were reduced with hydrogen at 800 °C to understand the degree of reduction and the mineralogical aspects. The weight loss of goethite and limonite iron ore was noticed to be lower than that of magnetite and hematite varieties. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) indicated 100 pct Fe in the case of hematite, 93 pct …
The BF uses sinter, pellets, and lump ore as iron-bearing raw materials, and coke and pulverized coal as fuel and reducing agents to produce hot metal with consistent quality for the BOF process. It produces approximately 68% of the world crude steel in 2019. ... Since coke making and sintering operations are not required, the EAF process …
Download scientific diagram | Sinter series coke breeze consumption. from publication: THE EFFECT OF HIGH GRADE PELLET FEED ON SINTERING PERFORMANCE | With the progressive deterioration of sinter ...
As the consumption of both coke and limestone is comparatively less in G 43 than in H 43, G 43 is preferable. ... These slimes can be agglomerated into micro-pellets for subsequent use in sinter making through hybrid pellet sintering method. However, the micro-pellets of sufficient size and strength are required for hybrid sinter making. ...
Increasing the bed depth in the sinter plant can lower fuel consumption by 0.3 kg coke/t-sinter per 10 mm bed thickness increase and may achieve electricity savings of 0.06 kWh/t (0.002 GJ/t) sinter ... and pits. From this group of materials, olive residues, sunflower husk pellets, and Bagasse pellets have been identified, and full chemical ...
The smelting process of blast furnace is carried out in the shaft furnace of a closed countercurrent reactor and heat exchanger. The complex physical changes and chemical reactions are completed in the process of the countercurrent movement of the charge and gas in which the raw materials containing iron oxide (sinter, pellets, etc.), …
The modified blast furnace charge is also characterized by a decrease in skip sinter and dry skip coke consumption. The results of calculating the options of 10, 20, and 30% partial sinter replacement in the charge are provided. ... (up to 20 kg/ton of sinter and 2 kg/ton of pellets for sintering and pelletizing, respectively).
During the sintering process, sinter fuels are commonly used to provide the required energy. The coke breeze comes from coking plant (typically less than 3 mm in size) and is widely used due to ...
The sintering and pellet processes use solid fuels (coke powder, anthracite, etc.) and gaseous fuel combustion to provide raw materials for the blast furnace iron-making process. The carbon in the iron-making process mainly comes from coke and blown coal powder, with a small amount coming from, for example, limestone.
The effect of nut coke addition on the ferrous burden (60% pellet: 40% sinter) is studied under simulated blast furnace conditions in the reduction, softening …
Coke rate is the parameter for the consumption of BF coke which is measured in kilograms of BF coke consumed per ton of hot metal produced. ... If these fluxes are charged through sinter or pellets then the calcination reaction takes place outside the blast furnace and the blast furnace working volume is more effectively used …
Specifically, the use of pellets results in a higher production of hot m etal per ton of. burden charged, lower slag ra te, lower coke …
According to the simulation results, the productivity of the blast-furnace process increases when using all the test pellets, and the specific coke consumption decreases. It is revealed that when using iron-rich pellets in the charge, the sulfur concentration in the slag is significantly higher, which creates the risk of producing …
Keywords Iron ore sintering · Pellet nes · Sinter mix granulation · Productivity · Sinter strength · Sintering time 1 Introduction Sintering is a crucial process in integrated steel plants where a mixture of iron ores, uxes, and coke are fused to produce a sinter. During sintering, various mineral phases crystal-
The coke was crushed to a block with a particle size of 5 mm and laid on the bottom of a graphite crucible. The 6–10 mm size of massive sinter and pellets are mixed according to the preset ratio, and then placed on the upper layer of coke. The total mass of sinter and pellet is 500 g, and excess coke is 200 g.