Coal mining - Extraction, Processing, Pollution: In geologic terms, coal is a sedimentary rock containing a mixture of constituents, mostly of vegetal origin. Vegetal matter is composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and some inorganic mineral elements. When this material decays under water, in the absence of oxygen, the carbon …
The underground mining methods we use include room and pillar, narrow vein stoping and large-scale mechanised mining. Room and pillar mining is a style of mining where tunnels are driven in a chess board pattern with massive square pillars between them which are gradually cut away as the work proceeds. We use this for mining coal.
Our open database on global coal and metal mine production 12 covers worldwide mining activities of metal ores and coal, on an individual mine level. It comprises 1171 mines, production data for ...
System boundary for (a) coal flow for the year 2017 in Bangladesh and (b) LCA of mined and imported coal in Bangladesh. ... According to primary data, a 4 km railroad is used to transport coal from the underground mine site to the surface storage area by a locomotive (Table 2). On the other hand, travel for the coal mine officials was …
Coal mining - Underground, Surface, & Drilling: The various methods of mining a coal seam can be classified under two headings, surface mining and underground mining. Surface and underground coal mining are …
Coal mining by the open-pit mining method creates the formation of a pit lake. The ex-mining site, over time, was gradually filled with contaminated water and must be returned to the water quality ...
Coal is a black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that can be burned for fuel and used to generate electricity.It is composed mostly of carbon and hydrocarbons, …
The findings suggest that long after the coal mining stops, its legacy of mining could continue to exact a price on residents who live downstream from the hundreds of mountains that have been ...
1 School of Mining Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China; 2 Coal Mine Safety Mining Equipment Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China; Coal is China's main source of energy, and its production causes a certain degree of air, water, …
The shock wave, impact airflow, and two-phase coal-gas flow generated in the mining space expose underground workers and production equipment to strong impact dynamic disasters [5], [6], [7]. Rock cross-cut coal uncovering is one of the main conditions inducing coal and gas outburst, with high risk and intensity [8]. When the outburst is ...
Zone 3 is the best-developed dull coal zone in the mine lease area and reaches a maximum thickness of 8.9m. The basal portion of this zone yields some semi-soft coking coal. ... This is an all-inclusive model that can simulate all the plants in the Grootegeluk complex from one integrated flow sheet. The key improvement is that the model provides:
The environment of coal mine construction site is complex and changeable, and there are a lot of goaf water and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and gas left in the goaf. ... The flow of ...
Mining 1 ton of raw coal from 1981 to 2008 can reduce the runoff of surface rivers by 0.24 m 3. Wu and Dong (2018) Kuye river basin: SWAT: Coal mining from 1999 to 2010 accounted for a runoff reduction of 1.7850 × 10 8 m 3. Guo et al.(2019) Kuye river basin: MWBM: Coal mining is the main factor affecting runoff decline from 1997 to …
Furthermore, coal mining produces significant amounts of waste material (overburden, spoil, tailings) that is usually stored on site and the interactions of this …
Impact assessment of coal mining of Gare IV/6 Coal Block (GCB) on river water (Kelo River) and groundwater and the interaction between them were studied through hydrological studies like water-level monitoring, short and long-term river flow measurements, isotopic characteristics, and groundwater flow modeling. The …
In the process of coal resource mining and consumption utilization, a large amount of coal gangue solid waste is accompanied 1,2.At present, the western mining area has become the main production ...
Gao et al [3], [4], [5]. simulated the temperature field of the surrounding rock of the coal mining face, and analyzed the air flow temperature distribution characteristics of the coal mining face. Miao [6] proposed the concept of the refrigeration length of the air cooler and determined its calculation method to determine the effective ...
Download scientific diagram | Coal mining process flow chart of fully mechanized mining face. from publication: Optimization of Process Control Parameters for Fully Mechanized Mining Face Based on ...
The U.S. coal industry serves a vital role in the nation's economy by producing fuel for more than half of its electricity. Despite the industry's importance, industry financial data for 2005—the strongest year for the coal industry in recent years—shows that it is a relatively small industry with revenues totaling $20 billion to $25 billion and net income between …
The Almond River catchment in Central Scotland has experienced extensive coal mining during the last 300 years and also provides an example of enduring pollution associated with historic unconventional hydrocarbon exploitation from oil shale.Detailed spatial analysis of the catchment has identified over 300 abandoned mine and mine …
where H is mining depth, m.α is dip angle of coal seam, °.L is tilt width of working face, m.. Based on Eq. and Eq(), we calculate the water-inrush coefficient of 81006 working faceTake H = 518 ...
A karst groundwater system ranks among the most sensitive and vulnerable types of groundwater systems. Coal mining and tunnel excavation can greatly change the natural hydrogeological flow system, groundwater-dependent vegetation, soil, as well as hydrology of surface water systems. Abandoned coal mine caves and proposed …
Coal mining - Underground, Surface, & Drilling: The various methods of mining a coal seam can be classified under two headings, surface mining and underground mining. Surface and underground coal mining are broad activities that incorporate numerous variations in equipment and methods, and the choice of which method to use in …
China's coal mines face very complicated hydrogeological conditions and are affected by many complex water hazards. Based on the condition of the coal seams and an analysis of regional hydrogeological and geological conditions, China's coal-producing regions have been divided into six major hazard regions. This paper …
In surface mining, the ground covering the coal seam (the overburden) is first removed to expose the coal seam for extraction. The elements of a surface mining operation are (1) topsoil removal and storage for later use, (2) drilling and blasting the strata overlying the …
Air leakage in mine gas drainage drilling is a critical factor that affects gas extraction efficiency. It leads to a rapid decline in gas concentration, resulting in lower extraction efficiency and potential secondary disasters. To address this issue, a fully coupled gas–air mixed flow model is established in this study. The model examines the …
The main operational lifecycle and development of the mine consists of exploration and feasibility, planning and construction, operation, and closure stages (Suh et al., 2017) and each stage involves various hydrological and environmental impacts (HEIs).The duration of each stage may differ due to the management and development …
